The Comic Art

  CAGES, #1-8, $3.95 each, Dec. 1990-Aug. 1993. Kitchen Sink Press, 320 Riverside Dr., North Hampton MA 01060.

  A review of Cages by writer/artist Dave McKean is obliged (at this time at least) to offer some words in defense of itself and the genre that Cages represents even as it transcends it or attempts to displace it. Cages is a comic book, and with 8 of 10 issues published, it is unfinished. Yet there is enough here to show not only a mastery of the genre but the stirrings of a new one.

Placing Cages within the comics genre is necessary since there is, as yet, no other one appropriate. Visual Narrative, Sequential Novel, Graphic Novel, not only haven't been widely accepted but they are too specific and limiting to indicate the art form that Cages presents, an art form which is rooted both in ancient hieroglyphs and in today’s newspaper, a form as old as recorded language and as new as now.

There have been numerous artists/writers and artists-writer collaborations and artists without writers who have attempted to transform the popular art of comics into literature. But Cages to me is the most successful, and I want to acknowledge that success by simply calling Cages fiction, contemporary fiction, and deserving of, demanding, critical attention.

Cages is a story whose main emotional and cognitive impact is provoked visually, yet it is also a language experiment in that the language strains with intent against the barriers of the visual constraints print has imposed on story. In these respects, McKean’s Cages is as radical as Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy, which also stood on the threshold of a new art form, acknowledging that art (the novel) while all the while undermining the conventions (conventions that bonded the written novel to oral storytelling) that upheld it.

Cages relies on sight to do with economy what words do not do well, describe exteriors (A picture is worth...). What Cages does better than most comics and better than any written fiction is: the depiction of interior states simultaneous to exterior, representing simultaneity in general, presenting narrative transitions of time and space not only with economy but in ways not possible in writing but that we are familiar with in film C dissolves, fades, laps, etc. Cages demonstrates mastery of all the advantages of a visual medium while retaining the narrative continuity with traditional (written, fiction) narrative.

Cages tells the stories of four main characters: an artist, Leo Sabarsky, whose name suggests lion, the artist Leon Golub, perhaps the sabat (sabotage) cat of the Industrial Workers of the World; a writer Jonathan Rush, almost certainly modeled on Salman Rushdie (signs carried by the mobs out to kill him read that Rush die; Angel, a musician / poet / mythologist (Amiri Baraka?); a cat, a cat who is at once real and mythic, at once a witness within the story and a witness to the whole story.

Cages is a critical tale of creation, opening with the myth of the creation of the world, but it continues with each of the stories demonstrating the pain and risk (and perhaps the joy) of any creative act. Cages weaves these four texts together in a master text that is more than master story-telling. These four tales are the new art form being born: visual fiction, graphic novel, etc. The genre that arises from Cages is a combination of drawing and painting, writing, and music/poetry/myth, and C what? the cat? the cat as the embodiment of myth, story perspective seen through the eyes of a character in ways not possible in written fiction. Cages is self-reflexive and self-critical in ways that we expect in contemporary fiction, but it is uniquely representational as drawings must and words can never be (with words not able to re-present since they cannot, in spite of typographical innovations, present).

Cages indicates a new direction for literature not so much the end of comics but the beginning of a genre yet to be, a fiction anticipating an audience as it creates it, and audience that appreciates classic and contemporary imaginative writing, movies and cinema, the oral tale and the written story as well as the icon, the glyph, the cartoon.


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