BIO 137 CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET                              NAME:  KEY

 

1.      Acids, bases, and salts are held together by what type of chemical bond?  IONIC

 

2.      When acids are dissolved in water, they dissociate (i.e. the bond named above breaks) and they donate a HYDROGEN cation.

 

3.      When bases are dissolved in water, they dissociate and donate a HYDROXYL anion.

 

4.      The relative concentrations of #2 and #3 above, determine the pH of a solution.  The pH scale ranges from 0 at the acid end, to 14 at the basic end, and neutral pH is 7.

 

5.      Name another term for basic. ALKALINE

 

6.      At acid pH, the concentration of HYDROGEN ions is greater than the concentration of HYDROXYL ions.

 

7.      At neutral pH, the concentration of HYDROGEN ions is equal to the concentration of HYDROXYL ions.

 

8.      At basic pH, the concentration of HYDROGEN ions is less than the concentration of HYDROXYL ions.

 

9.      The pH of fruit juices is (choose one):

    

                  acid                basic                neutral

 

10.  The pH of distilled water is (choose one):

 

                  acid                 basic                neutral

 

11.  The pH of ammonia is (choose one):

 

                  acid                 basic                neutral

 

12.  The pH of human blood and tissue fluids is (choose one):

 

                  7.0                   7.4                   7.8

 

13. Name the type of compound that is added to solutions to prevent abrupt pH changes?  BUFFERS

 

BSL 110 CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET

 

14. Illustrate the specific system in humans that maintains blood pH homeostasis.

 

 

The carbonic acid (H2CO3) buffering system:

 

when pH is rising

                                                               ---------------->

                                                H2CO3                         HCO3-                  +                      H+

                                                              <---------------

                                                            when pH is falling

                                   

                                                carbonic acid              bicarbonate ion          hydrogen ion

                                                (H+ donor)                  (H+ acceptor

 

 

 

 

15.  Organic macromolecules are held together by strong bonds called COVALENT bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons between monomers.

 

16.  When monomers are bonded together through the bond named above, how is water involved?  Water is REMOVED/RELEASED in a process called DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS.

 

17.  When monomers are bonded together to form macromolecules, how is energy involved?  Energy is REQUIRED and the term used to describe this is ENDERGONIC.

 

18.  The four organic macromolecules include carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, and nucleic acids.

 

a.       Name the monomer (building block) of carbohydrates. MONOSACCHARIDES OR HEXOSE SUGARS

 

b.      Name the monomer of fats.  TRIGYCERIDES

 

c.       Name the monomer of proteins. AMINO ACIDS

 

d.      Name the monomer of nucleic acids. NUCLEOTIDES

BSL 110 CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET

 

19.  When dehydrations synthesis occurs between monomers of organic molecules, polymers are formed.

 

a.       Name five polymers of carbohydrates.

 

                                                               i.      LACTOSE ( A DISACCHARIDE)

 

                                                             ii.      SUCROSE ( A DISACCHARIDE)

 

                                                            iii.      MALTOSE ( A FUN  DISACCHARIDE :--))

 

                                                           iv.      GLYCOGEN (AN ANIMAL POLYSACCHARIDE)

 

                                                             v.      STARCH (A PLANT POLYSACCHARIDE)

 

b.      Name the special bond between the monomers of proteins.  PEPTIDE

 

c.       Name the two polymers of nucleic acids.

 

                                                               i.      DNA

 

                                                             ii.      RNA

 

20.  Organic molecules have special functions.

 

a.       Name the function of all carbohydrates. ENERGY/ENERGY STORAGE

 

b.      Name the function of fats. ENERGY/ENERGY STORAGE

 

c.       Name the many functions of proteins.

 

                                                               i.      STRUCTURE

 

                                                           ii.      TRANSPORT

 

                                                            iii.      MOVEMENT

 

                                                           iv.      CHEMICAL MESSENGERS

 

                                                             v.      DEFENSE

 

                                                          vi.      CATALYSTS

 

BSL 110 CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET

 

d.      Name the function of the most important nucleic acid.

 

DNA DIRECTS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

 

e.       What type of chemical bond holds this important molecule together?

 

HYDROGEN BONDS HOLD THE TWO SIDES OF THE DNA LADDER TOGETHER.

 

21.  In addition to fats, two other classes of lipids exist.  Name the two classes and give a function for each.

 

a. PHOSPHOLIPIDS – CELL MEMBRANE COMPONENT

 

b. STEROIDS – HORMONES AND CELL MEMBRANE COMPONENT

 

22.  If proteins encounter extreme pH, temperature, or chemical conditions, they lose their quaternary shape.  What is this process called?

 

       DENATURATION