BIO 137 CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET NAME:__________________

1. Acids, bases, and salts are held together by what type of chemical bond? ______________________

2. When acids are dissolved in water, they dissociate (i.e. the bond named above breaks) and they donate a ________________ cation.

3. When bases are dissolved in water, they dissociate and donate a _________________ anion.

4. The relative concentrations of #2 and #3 above, determine the pH of a solution. The pH scale ranges from ______ at the acid end, to ______ at the basic end, and neutral pH is _____.

5. Name another term for basic. _______________________

6. At acid pH, the concentration of ___________________ ions is greater than the concentration of _____________________ ions.

7. At neutral pH, the concentration of ___________________ ions is equal to the concentration of _____________________ ions.

8. At basic pH, the concentration of ___________________ ions is less than the concentration of _____________________ ions.

9. The pH of fruit juices is (choose one):

acid basic neutral

10. The pH of distilled water is (choose one):

acid basic neutral

11. The pH of ammonia is (choose one):

acid basic neutral

12. The pH of human blood and tissue fluids is (choose one):

7.0 7.4 7.8

13. Name the type of compound that is added to solutions to prevent abrupt pH changes? _____________________________

BIO 137 CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET

14. Illustrate the specific system in humans that maintains blood pH homeostasis.

15. Organic macromolecules are held together by strong bonds called _______________________ bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons between monomers.

16. When monomers are bonded together through the bond named above, how is water involved? Water is ____________________ in a process called _________________________ ______________________.

17. When monomers are bonded together to form macromolecules, how is energy involved? Energy is _____________________ and the term used to describe this is ____________________________.

18. The four organic macromolecules include carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, and nucleic acids.

a. Name the monomer (building block) of carbohydrates. ___________________________

b. Name the monomer of fats. __________________________

c. Name the monomer of proteins. __________________________

d. Name the monomer of nucleic acids. __________________________

BIO 137 CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET

19. When dehydrations synthesis occurs between monomers of organic molecules, polymers are formed.

a. Name five polymers of carbohydrates.

i. __________________________

ii. __________________________

iii. __________________________

iv. __________________________

v. __________________________

b. Name the special bond between the monomers of proteins. _________________________

c. Name the two polymers of nucleic acids.

i. ___________________________

ii. ___________________________

20. Organic molecules have special functions.

a. Name the function of all carbohydrates. ____________________

b. Name the function of fats. ________________________

c. Name the many functions of proteins.

i. ___________________________

ii. ___________________________

iii. ___________________________

iv. ___________________________

v. ___________________________

vi. ___________________________

BIO 137 CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET

d. Name the function of the most important nucleic acid.

__________________________________________

e. What type of chemical bond holds this important molecule together?

__________________________________________

21. In addition to fats, two other classes of lipids exist. Name the two classes and give a function for each.

a._______________________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________________

22. If proteins encounter extreme pH, temperature, or chemical conditions, they lose their quaternary shape. What is this process called?

____________________________