CHAPTER 8: JOINTS OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM (M.C. FLATH, Ph.D.)
OBJECTIVES:
1. Define the term articulation.
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2. Distinguish between the structural and functional
classification of joints, and relate the terms that are essentially synonymous.
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Structural Classification |
Functional Classification |
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3. Compare and contrast the terms
synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses and identify the examples of each
in the diagrams below.
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Functional Classification |
Definition |
Example |
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Synarthroses |
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Amphiarthroses |
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Diarthroses |
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4. Name the three types of fibrous joints,
give an example of each, and identify each in the diagrams below.
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Type of Fibrous Joint |
Example |
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5. Identify the two differences between
the epiphyseal plate and an intervertebral disc, and identify each in the
diagrams below.
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Example of Cartilaginous Joint |
Difference 1 (hint: Structural classification) |
Difference 2 (hint: Functional classification |
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Epiphyseal Plate |
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Intervertebral Disc |
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6. Label all structures associated with
the typical synovial joint below, and provide the function of each of the
labeled structures.
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Structure Associated with Synovial
Joint |
Function |
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7. Name the components and functions of
synovial fluid.
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Synovial Fluid Component |
Function(s) of Synovial Fluid |
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N/A |
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8. Define the terms fatty pads, articular discs, and bursae, name a key location for each, and identify each in the
diagram below.
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Synovial Joint Feature |
Definition/description |
Key location |
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Fatty pads |
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Articular Discs |
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Bursae |
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9. List and discuss three factors that
influence the stability of a synovial joint.
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10. Distinguish between the origin and
insertion of a muscle, and identify each in the diagram below.
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Origin |
Insertion |
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11. Name the three general types of movements
allowed by joints.
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12. List the angular movements allowed by
synovial joints, provide a description of each, and review each movement in the
diagrams below.
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Angular
Movement |
Description |
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13. Identify the special movements allowed by
the proximal radioulnar joint (i.e. between radius and ulna), by the sole, by
the shoulders, by the jaw, and review each special movement in the diagrams above
and below.
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Special Movements of |
Movement 1 |
Movement 2 |
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Radius/Ulna |
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Sole |
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Shoulders |
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Jaw |
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14. Name the six types of synovial joints and
provide an example of each.
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Type of Synovial Joint |
Movements Allowed |
Example |
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15. Explain how an intervertebral disc can be
all of the following: an amphiarthrosis,
cartilaginous joint, symphyses, gliding joint, and plane joint.
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Intervertebral Disc as |
How ? |
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amphiarthosis |
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Cartilaginous Joint |
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Symphyses |
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Gliding Joint |
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Plane Joint |
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