CHAPTER 13: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM OBJECTIVES

 

0.      Name the organs and functions of the endocrine system.

Organs:  Endocrine Glands

Functions

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

 

5

 

6

 

7

 

8

 

9

 

10

 

11

 

 

1.         Explain why the endocrine system is so closely related to the nervous system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.         Distinguish between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.         Define the term hormone and explain its general characteristics.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.         Distinguish between a steroidal and non-steroidal hormone, in terms of composition and action.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.         Locate the following endocrine glands (organs) on the diagram below:  hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.

6.         Name the three endocrine glands (see above) that are actually divided into two endocrine glands with different functions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.         For each of the glands listed in #5 & #6 above, name the hormone(s) they secrete, identify the target organ of each hormone, and the effect of each hormone. 

ENDOCRINE GLAND

HORMONE

TARGET(S)

RESPONSE/

EFFECT

HYPOTHALAMUS

RELEASING HORMONES

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

SECRETION OF HORMONES

HYPOTHALMIC AXONS EXTENDING INTO POSTERIOR PITUITARY

1.

 

 

2.

1.

 

 

2.

1.

 

 

2.

 

 

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

1.

 

 

2.

 

 

3.

 

 

4.

 

 

5.

 

 

 

 

6.

1.

 

 

2.

 

 

3.

 

 

4.

 

 

5a.

 

5b

 

 

6a.

 

6b.

 

 

1.

 

 

2.

 

 

3.

 

 

4.

 

 

5a.

 

5b.

 

 

6a.

 

6b.

THYROID GLAND

1.

 

2.

 

1 and 2.

 

 

 

1 and 2.

 

 

ADRENAL CORTEX

1.

 

2.

 

3.

1.

 

2.

 

3.

1.

 

2.

 

3

 

OVARIES

1.

 

 

 

2.

 

 

 

1.

 

 

 

2.

1.

 

 

 

2.

TESTES

1.

1.

1.

 

 

 

 

 

PINEAL GLAND

1.

1.

1.

 

 

 

 

THYROID GLAND

3.

3a

 

3b.

 

3c

3a.

 

3b.

 

3c.

 

Overall response =

 

 

PARATHYROID GLANDS

1.

1a.

 

1b.

 

1c.

1a.

 

1b.

 

1c

 

Overall response =

 

PANCREAS – ISLETS OF LANGERHANS

1.      -CELLS

 

 

 

 

 

2.    –CELLS

1a.

 

1b.

 

1c.

 

2a.

 

2b.

Overall response =

 

 

 

 

 

Overall response =

 

8.         Name the "master" of the anterior pituitary gland.  _________________________

 

9.         Define the term gonadotropin, name the two gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, and distinguish between them according to their actions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.       Explain how the posterior pituitary gland does not produce hormones, but does secrete them.

 

 

 

 

 

11.       Name the gland that requires iodine to produce most of its hormones.  _________

 

12.       Describe how calcium levels are maintained in the blood (recreate the negative feedback loop studied in BIO 137).

 

13.       Name the two hormones that work together to regulate water and electrolyte levels in the blood and therefore regulate blood pressure.

 

 

 

 

 

 

14.       Describe how glucose levels are maintained in the blood (create a negative feedback loop).

 

15.       Explain why the thymus gland decreases in size as we age.

 

 

 

 

 

16.       Name the gland (hormone) whose production is stimulated by sunlight. ________

 

17.       Define the term gonad, list the primary gonads in both sexes, and name the hormones that target those gonads.

 

Gonads are defined as

 

 

 

 

 

The female gonads are called ______________________________, and gonadotropins

 

that target them are __________________________ and _________________________.

 

The male gonads are called ______________________________, and gonadotropins

 

that target them are __________________________ and _________________________.

 

 

18.       Explain what is meant by "secondary sexual characteristics", name the hormone that causes their development in both sexes, and list target organs.

Secondary (2o) sexual characteristics develop at puberty are then maintained throughout life.

In females, the hormone _____________________________ causes development of

 

Secondary (2o) sexual characteristics.  Female  Secondary (2o) sex organs include the

 

__________________, _____________ ________________, and adipose tissue in the

 

_________________, _____________________, __________________.

In males, the hormone _____________________________ causes development of

 

Secondary (2o) sexual characteristics.  Male  Secondary (2o) sex organs include the

 

_____________ ________________, hair follicles in the  _________________,

 

_____________________, __________________ regions, vocal cords, bones, and muscles.

 

19.       Name the hormones secreted by the ovary, distinguish which particular portion of the ovary secretes each, and name target organs and actions of those hormones.

OVARIES

1.

 

 

 

2.

 

 

 

1.

 

 

 

2.

1.

 

 

 

2.

 

20.       Outline the manner in which the hypothalamus functions to maintain homeostasis through the endocrine system.  Your flowchart should include the complete overview of glands, hormones secreted by those glands, target organ or site of those hormones, and effects (actions) of those hormones on the target organ or site.

 

21.       Distinguish between dwarfism, giantism, and acromegaly.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

22.       Explain why so few cases of cretinism are seen today.

 

 

 

23.       Compare and contrast cretinism, myxedema, Grave's Disease, and goiter.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24.       Distinguish between Addison's Disease and Cushing's Syndrome.

 

 

 

 

 

25.       Compare and contrast the two types of the disease Diabetes Mellitus.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

26.       Describe seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in terms of cause, symptoms, and treatment.