BIO 139          URINARY OBJECTIVE EXERCISE           

 

NAME : _______________________________________

 

1.         Name the organs and functions of the urinary system and locate the organs in the diagram below.

 

ORGANS

FUNCTIONS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.         Explain what the term renal refers to.  The term renal means ________________.

 

3.         Define the term retroperitoneal.  _______________________________________

 

4.         Using the cross-section diagram of a kidney below, locate the renal capsule, renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pyramids, minor calyces, major calyces, renal sinus, renal pelvis, and ureter.

5.         Discuss the many ways in which the kidney maintains the blood.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.         Name the functional unit of the kidney.  __________________________

 

7.         Distinguish between a renal corpuscle and renal tubule, and identify each component on a microscopic section of the kidney in the diagram below.

 

8.      Trace a drop of blood from the heart through a nephron and back to the heart.  A.  Fill in the flowchart below.  B.  Label the vessels in the diagrams below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.         Explain what is meant by, the components of, and the significance of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA).  The JGA is composed of the

 

            ________________________________ cells of the __________________

 

            __________________ and the _______________ ________________ cells of the

 

            ___________________ ___________________________ _________________.  Label these components below.

 

10.       Fully discuss urine formation.  First name the three major processes involved in urine formation, and then explain each in detail (i.e. definition, location, forces involved, and what’s going where).  Finally name the normal constituents of urine and track the urine out of the body (What is the scientific name for this?).

 

            The three steps of urine formation are

  1. ___________________ ___________________________,

 

  1. ___________________ ___________________________, and

 

  1. ___________________ ___________________________.

 

10A occurs in the _________________________, 10B occurs through the

 

_______________________ ________________________ _________________,

 

and 10C occurs through the _____________ _________________ tubule.

 

10A is defined as substances being filtered from blood in the

 

_________________________into filtrate in the ________________

 

_________________________ _________________.

 

10B is defined as substances being transported from the filtrate in the

 

________________________ ________________________ _________________

 

into the blood in the __________________________ ______________________.

 

10C is defined as “wastes and excesses” being transported from the blood in the

 

___________________________ ________________________ to the “urine” in

 

the ___________________ _____________________________ _____________.

11.       Explain why proteins are not filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus.

 

            ________________________________________________________________

 

12.       Name the force responsible for glomerular filtration and place the appropriate numerical values in the glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule below.

 

            _______________________ __________________________ _______________

13.       Discuss the negative feedback mechanisms involved in regulation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).   First, write an introductory sentence, and provide a flow-chart summarizing the process. 

 

           


 

14.       Explain the process by which most reabsorption occurs in the PCT, and list the substances that are reabsorbed here.           

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15.       Explain the significance of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and which portion of the nephron it targets.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16.       List the wastes excreted in urine, and explain what metabolic processes these by-products result from.

 

 

 

 

 

17.       Explain the structure and function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

 

STRUCTURE

FUNCTION

 

URETER

 

 

 

 

 

URINARY BLADDER

 

 

 

 

 

URETHRA

 

 

 

 

 

18.       Define the term micturition.  __________________________________________

 

19.       Discuss the differences between male and female urethras.  _________________________________________________________________

 

20.       Trace a drop of urine from its initial collection point as the "glomerular filtrate".

Glomerular Filtrate in Bowman’s Capsule